What does sputum consist of?

Sputum is primarily composed of mucus that is produced by the tissues lining the respiratory system. It can also contain other substances, such as cells, bacteria, and debris, which are expelled from the lungs during coughing. The production of sputum is a natural part of the body's defense mechanism, helping to trap pathogens, irritants, and other particles inhaled into the lungs.

Understanding the role of sputum is essential in patient care, as changes in its characteristics—such as color, consistency, or volume—can indicate underlying respiratory conditions or infections. For example, yellow or green sputum may suggest an infection, while clear sputum is typically associated with a healthy respiratory system. Knowing this can help nursing assistants monitor and report patient symptoms accurately.